New Approaches to the Study of Elementosis in Obstetrics

Abstract

Objective: to study macro- and micronutrients in the tissues of the placenta, umbilical cord, and uterus, as well as the
erythrocytes of the mother-placenta-fetus system during pregnancy against the background of thyroid gland (TG) pathology
of various origins, diabetes I, and gestational diabetes mellitus (DM) (diabetes mellitus DM).
Methods: the study used clinical material from 184 pregnant women, 154 of them are women with thyroid disease and 30
are a control group. The thyroid gland (TG) was studied using the Alokka-5500 ultrasound apparatus, as well as
triiodothyronine and total thyroxin, free thyroxine, thyroid hormone, and thyroglobulin antibodies were determined.
Elemental analysis of oxygen, carbon, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, nitrogen, aluminum, sodium, and sulfur was
carried out using an X-ray spectrum detector (EPAX), integrated with Quanta 600 FEG scanning electron microscope.
Results: The study of the main vital elements in the erythrocytes of the umbilical arteries found that significant changes in
the macro element composition are due to oxygen. Its content in group 1 was 30.41±2.10%, in group 2 - 30.71±1.34%,
group 3 - 35.92±2.31%, group 4 - 30.92±2.31%, group 5 - 32.93±2.20% (43.92±2.15% - control group). The content of
sodium, potassium in the groups with hypothyroidism, diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) and DM I increased. The content of
magnesium, phosphorus in the umbilical arteries decreased in the following order: euthyroidism, gestational diabetes,
hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, DTG. The oxygen content in umbilical veins decreased greater than in the arteries.
The amount of sodium and calcium increased with a further decrease in magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium. The
macro-and microelement analysis near the vascular wall of the umbilical cord in the pathology of the mother’s thyroid
gland found that the content of oxygen, magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium is significantly reduced in endocrinopathies.
Summary: as a result of the study, it was established that women with the diseases of the thyroid gland and diabetes have
uteroplacental ischemia observed against the background of tissue-vascular lesions, changes in the anatomical and
functional states of erythrocytes, macro- and microelement composition, resulting in the developing destruction of tissue in
the mother-placenta-fetus system, which contributes to the further progression of tissue and circulatory hypoxia.