Effect of Resource-Saving Technologies of Arable Land Cultivation on Diabetes Mellitus Incidence [A Case Study of the Republic of Tatarstan]

Abstract

The activation of the use of resource-saving soil cultivation technologies, accompanied by increased use of glyphosates,
needs a medical and environmental assessment. A retrospective cross-sectional study included data from official sources of
the Republic of Tatarstan for 2002-2016. An analysis of the dynamics of trends, multiple correlation-regression and
variance analysis was carried out using AtteStat and PSPP software. Since 2002 in the republic the areas treated with new
technologies increased, with the area growing [R2
=0.13], the amount of pesticides used [R2
=0.27], herbicides [R2
=0.13]
and glyphosates [R2
=0.78]. Between the fields reduced-till and no till and glyphosate a strong correlation was found to be
very significant: r=0.93 [95% CI: 0.81-0.98; p<0.0001]and r=0.92 [95 % CI: 0.77 ÷ 0.97, p<0.0001] respectively. For 15
years the share of the population with diabetes in the republic has increased from 1.3% to 3.23% with the highest growth
rate in the adult population of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes [257.5%], whose share by 2016 has reached 3.8%.
Significant dependencies of the treatment area, the consumption of pesticides and herbicides with the prevalence of
diabetes mellitus in the adult population were absent, whereas with incidence of diabetes mellitus in the second or third
year. The degree and significance of the connection between the volume of glyphosates, area of field with the reduced-till
and no till technology, and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was more than that of incidence. In conditions of using
resource-saving technologies, the model of prevalence of CD2 in the adult population of the republic was determined
informative, adequate and stable at the most statistically significant role of glyphosates [R2=0.98, p<0.003] among other
pesticide indices. Further expansion of the use of new technologies and glyphosate-containing preparations requires
monitoring and analysis not only of agricultural specialists, but also of environmental medicine.